Abstract: Microencapsulation technology uses a core-shell architecture to protect active ingredients from external environmental factors, enhancing their stability, minimizing degradation, and enabling precise,controlled release of the core material. With these outstanding advantages, it occupies a significant position in functional upgrades and technological innovations within the textile dyeing and finishing industry. This paper first clarifies the fundamental definitions and classifications of microcapsules, and then introduces common processing methods used in textile dyeing and finishing, such as printing, dyeing, fiber spinning, and insitu microcapsule assembly. It particularly highlights the successful applications of microencapsulation in areas such as aromatic slow-release, phase-change temperature regulation, antimicrobial protection, and smart, responsive functionalities. Finally, the paper identifies current challenges facing microencapsulation technology and offers an outlook on future development directions.

Key words: microencapsulation technology; textiles; dyeing and finishing; functional finishing; smart response