Abstract: This research focuses on three representative eco-friendly yarns: bio-based yarns, recycled yarns,and dope-dyed yarns. It examines their core characteristics, technical barriers in spinning processes, and current research and applications. The paper looks forward to their future trends through case studies of these yarns.

Key words: eco-friendly; bio-based yarns; recycled yarns; dope-dyed yarns; development and application